“THE COLISTIN - THE LAST RESCUER OF LIFE”
Archana L, Prasanth M, Shanthini T, Ramesh
N, A.J.Tamhankar
Colistin the last defence of antibiotics has
procured resistance to most of the Gram negative pathogens; the first emerging
case was reported in china, now the vast majority of the nations around 30
nations in the world are encountering resistance, in which 44% of cases are
reported in India. This Colistin was found from the 40 years old exile in the
year 2005. Till date the carbapenem resistance was reported increasingly all
over the world, which was treated by the colistin - the high end antibiotics.
The real reason that made the boundless procuring of resistance to colistin was
because of indiscriminate utilization of the
antibiotics to the horticulture field, poultry cultivation in China that caused
a selective pressure among the pathogens bringing about
versatile resistance, hence to this worry china prohibited the utilization of
antibiotics to the field in 2016.
Initial reports of colistin resistance were
in Acinetobacter isolates. The
colistin resistances in Gram negative bacteria were reported in India, especially
for Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, P. aeruginosa, of which 25% were due to the colonization
rather than acquired infection. A few investigations observed inhaled
colistin to be in charge of the resistance to colistin particularly in pseudomonas infection of the lungs. The
innate of the resistance is not only in view of the ecological factors alone,
they can be a result of numerous things in which report by UC Santa Clause
Barbara scholar Michael Mahan says that the invitro and invivo method of study
varies significantly in which the present antibiotic assay standardized in 1961
by the World Health Organization and utilized around the world is conceivably
defective. Presently, Mahan and co-workers have utilized a mouse model to show
that an assortment of anti-infection agents work distinctively against
different pathogens when inside the mammalian body. So there is a need for the
development of same environment in-vitro
as in-vivo to determine the exact
antibiotic for treatment. Their findings was mentioned
in the journal of EBioMedicine
On Jun 28, 2017 the research team in China
has found another new gene (mcr-3) that presents resistance to colistin
that was found from the fecal sample of healthy pig. The gene was gathered from
colistin resistance Escherichia coli,
on the plasmid that contained 18 extra antibiotic resistance genes.
The major concern about colistin is that they have highly mobile pieces of DNA
that can be shared within and between different classes of species which
depicts that it can spread very fast without any selective pressure. One of the major concerns about mcr-1 and its offshoots is that it's often located on plasmids that
contain other antibiotic resistance genes. That raises the possibility of
bacterial infections that will not respond to any antibiotic.
Among current endeavors
to address this issue, phage therapy offers a promising contrasting option to
battle infection caused by colistin resistant organisms. Compared
with other conventional therapeutic approaches, phage therapy could be more
effective in treating emerging resistant pathogenic bacterial strains. It can
kill the biofilm forming bacteria also have low inherent toxicities. It
generally do not affect beneficial bacteria, side-effects are uncommon in
phages and do not affect eukaryotic cells.